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Nefyn Cannoloesol: Cymraeg Mae bwrdeistref Nefyn yn ymddangos yn hwyr mewn hanes tuag at diwedd y deuddegfed ganrif ac ar cychwyn y trydydd ganrif ar ddeg ar un o faenorau mwyaf Tywysogion Gwynedd. Mae enwau strydoedd a llefydd yn Nefyn yn cyfleu pwysigrwydd ei gorffennol, er engrhaifft Stryd y Plas a Bryn Mynach. Nefyn oedd y prif ardal yng nghymwd Dinllaen. Cywmwd, yw y gair am wahannu tiroedd yng Nghymru cannoloesol. Mi roedd un cymwd yn creu hanner cantref, ac mi roedd cymydau yn cael ei rhannu’n bellach i faenorau neu maenolydd. Yn 1284 ddaeth Iorwerth I i ymweld a Nefyn, dwy flynedd wedi i farwolaeth Llywelyn ap Gryffudd, Llywelyn ein Llyw Olaf. Efo farwolaeth Llywelyn ddaeth annibynniaeth Gymru i ben, a cychwynodd teyrnas llawn Lloegr dros rhan fwyaf o Gymru. Felly pan ddaeth Iorwerth i Nefyn yn 1284, mi wnaeth gynnal rhyw fath o Bwrdd Crwn, fel twrnement i ddathlu ei terynasiad dros Gwynedd a rhan helaeth o Gymru. Yna mae ganddo chi gasgliad o maesydd neu yn ymestyn o Villa Iorwerth tuag at Capel Seion, a’r enw a rhoddir ar y cae yma yw Cae Iorwerth, ar ol Brenin y Sais. Mae yna tystiolaeth archaeoloegol fod y caeodd yma wedi cael ei lefelu mewn rhwyffordd, sydd yn awgrymu, yn fy marn i, os rydych eisiau dal twrnament mae angen tir gwastad i seffyll arno heb syrthio i creu sioe dda. A felly i ddathlu ei teyrnasiad newydd, mi wnaeth Iorwerth cynnal rhyw fath o llys Arthuraidd, a fel tytiolaeth i pwysigrwydd y ddigwyddiad, gwnaeth y nifer o bobl a ymddangosodd yn y llys, achosi i’r llawr dymchwel gyda’r straen. Un chwedl arall sydd yn dod gyda’r digwyddiad yw addewid Iorwerth i rhoi tywysog i’r Cymry a cafodd ei eni ar tir nhw ei hunan, (ond nid un a oedd yn gallu siarad iaith y bobl) ac efo hyn fe cyflwynodd Iorwerth ei fab, Iorwerth a chafodd ei eni ym mis Ebrill o 1284. Ond ni chafodd Iorwerth ei arwysgo yn swyddogol fel Tywysog Cymru tan 1301. Derbyniodd Nefyn siarter brenhinol yn 1355 gan y Tywysog Ddu, oherwydd Nefyn oedd cannolbwynt Penllyn am llawer o flynyddoedd, efo ei cysylltiadu morol cryf, a’i ddiwydiant pysgota. Mor niferus oedd y nifer o Penwaig oedd yn cael ei pysgota, cafodd ei defnyddio fel gwrtaith, a hefyd cafodd ei ychwanegu at arfbais y bwrdeitref, sef tair penwaig gwyn ar cefndir du. Cafodd y pysgod ei gwerthu mewn mwrw a dyna pam mae yna tair penwaig ar yr arfbais. Hyd at heddiw, mae pobl Penllyn dal yn son am bobl Nefyn fel Penwaig.
Medieval Nefyn: English The borough of Nefyn emerges late in the I2th or early in the I3th century on what must have been one of the largest manors of the princes of Gwynedd, and work on manorial buildings is recorded in I306-7. The street and place names echo its important past- Stryd y plas/ Palace street, Bryn mynach/ 'Monks hill'. Nefyn was the head of the old Welsh 'Cymwd' of Dinllaen. (A commote [Welsh cwmwd, plural cymydau, less frequently cymydoedd], was a secular division of land in Medieval Wales. The word derives from the prefix cym- ["together", "with"] and the noun bod ["home, abode"] The English word "commote" is derived from the Middle Welsh cymwt). It was visited by Edward I in I284, two years after the death of Llywelyn ap Gryffudd, or Llywelyn ein Llyw Olaf, Llywelyn the Last, with his death came the end of Welsh independence, and the beging of full english rule over most of Wales. So, in 1284 Nefyn was the scene of a 'Round Table' or tournament celebrating his conquest of Gwynedd. A group of fields extending from below Iorwerth Villa towards Capel Seion is now known as Cae Iorwerth ('Edward's Field') and is accepted locally as the scene of the tournament. These fields formed part of a larger area named Cae Thomas and contained a rope-walk (A ropewalk is a long straight narrow lane, or a covered pathway, where long strands of material were laid before being twisted into rope) which may have been the cause of artificial leveling. 1284 Edward celebrated his conquest of Wales by holding an Arthurian Round Table court at Nefyn. The festivities were so well attended that the floor of the court gave way under the strain. One of the legends attached to this period is that Edward promised he would grant them a prince who had been born on their own soil, and promptly presented to them his young son, Edward, who had been born in April 1284. Edward was not officially invested as prince of Wales until February 1301. Nefyn received a royal charter in 1355 from the Black Prince and was until much later the most important center on Penllyn with its fishing trade and coastal links being of prime importance. Such was the volume of Herring landed by the fleets of small boats that they were used as fertilizer and became part of the coat of arms of Nefyn. The fish were sold in threes "mwrw' and hence the three herring in the coat of arms. To this day other inhabitants of Penllyn fondly refer to people from Nefyn as -'Penwaig', Herring.
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